Definition:
The Enneagram is a system that describes nine core personality types, used in psychological insight, coaching, and spiritual development. It helps individuals understand their motivations, fears, patterns, and offers a map for inner growth.
Origins and Structure:
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From Greek: ennea (nine), gramma (figure)
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Visualized as a nine-pointed star within a circle, with interconnecting lines
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Modern framework shaped by Oscar Ichazo and Claudio Naranjo, combining ancient wisdom (Sufism) with modern psychology
The Nine Types (Overview):
| Type | Name | Core Theme |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | The Reformer / Perfectionist | Integrity, order, improvement |
| 2 | The Helper | Connection, giving, approval |
| 3 | The Achiever | Success, efficiency, image |
| 4 | The Individualist | Identity, depth, emotional honesty |
| 5 | The Investigator / Observer | Knowledge, privacy, clarity |
| 6 | The Loyalist / Skeptic | Security, loyalty, preparedness |
| 7 | The Enthusiast / Adventurer | Freedom, pleasure, distraction |
| 8 | The Challenger | Power, protection, self-reliance |
| 9 | The Peacemaker / Mediator | Harmony, avoidance, inner calm |
Applications:
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Therapy, coaching, mindfulness
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Team dynamics, leadership, relationship work
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Personal development and ego-transcendence
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Often used in spiritual traditions (e.g. Christian contemplative practice, integral coaching)
Criticism and Perspective:
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Not a scientifically validated typology (like Big Five)
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Best used as a self-reflection tool, not rigid categorization
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Offers deep growth potential when explored beyond surface-level typing
Links:
Your guide to spiritual knowledge: The esoteric lexicon as a key to the inner world
What is the difference between esotericism and spirituality?
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