Inka

Incas
Andean Civilization / Mythology / Cosmology / Nature Spirituality

Definition:

The Incas were the ruling elite of the vast Inca Empire (Tawantinsuyu), which in the 15th and early 16th centuries encompassed much of modern Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile, and Argentina. It was the largest pre-Columbian civilization in South America, known for its advanced administration, architecture (e.g. Machu Picchu), and deep spiritual worldview.

Cosmology & Spiritual Beliefs:

The universe was divided into three realms:
- Hanan Pacha – the upper world (gods, stars)
- Kay Pacha – the middle world (humans)
- Ukhu Pacha – the underworld (ancestors, fertility)
Worship of Pachamama (Mother Earth), Inti (Sun God), Illapa (Weather God)
Mountains (Apus) revered as living spiritual beings and protectors
Rituals, offerings, and sacred plants (e.g. coca, San Pedro cactus) formed part of sacred life

Technology & Society:

No written language; used Quipu, a system of knotted strings, to record data
Impressive road networks, suspension bridges, and terraced agriculture
Capital city: Cusco, spiritual and political center
The Inca ruler was regarded as the "Son of the Sun" – a divine figure

Mythological Themes:

Viracocha: creator god who brought order to the primordial chaos
Inca origin myth: founders Manco Cápac and Mama Ocllo emerged from Lake Titicaca
Time was seen as cyclical, linking the stars, earth, and ancestors

Modern Esoteric Relevance:

In modern spiritual and shamanic practices, Incan cosmology is often revived
Themes include energy healing, rituals, and earth reverence
Some esoteric traditions view Incan wisdom as part of a lost global consciousness or Atlantean legacy