Zahir and Batin
In Arabic esoteric teachings, the outer and the inner. Zahir usually refers to the text of the Quran, while batin represents the hidden part of the scripture, accessible only to esotericists.
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Zahir and batin are two central concepts in Islamic mysticism, especially in Sufism. They refer to two dimensions of knowledge and reality: the outer and inner meaning of things. These concepts are also closely linked to Sufi philosophy, which seeks to achieve a deeper spiritual perception of the world.
Zahir (ظَاهر):
The term zahir means "outer appearance" or "the obvious." It refers to the visible, material, and literal world as it presents itself to human sense and understanding.
In a religious context, zahir refers to the outer aspects of faith, such as religious rituals, texts, and commandments, which are accessible and understandable to all people.
It concerns the literal meaning and the visible appearance of things that can be perceived through the external senses.
Batin (باطن):
The term batin means "inner essence" or "hidden reality." It refers to the deeper, invisible dimension of things that can only be understood through spiritual knowledge and mystical insight.
In a religious context, batin represents the inner, esoteric, and hidden aspects of faith that transcend what is visible or understandable at first glance.
It concerns the hidden truths and mystical aspects that are only accessible through spiritual practice, meditation, and enlightenment.
Zahir and Batin in Sufism:
In Sufism, the world and religious practice are often understood as a relationship between zahir and batin. The external form of faith (zahir) is necessary, but it is only the first step or the surface. The true value and deeper meaning of faith are only accessible through the inner dimension (batin), which can be experienced through spiritual discipline and mystical insight.
A famous example of this distinction can be found in the Quran and in the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, who emphasized that true faith cannot be recognized solely through external actions (zahir).
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